金属切削液（MWF）健康危害简介及视频

今天给大家送来金属切削液（MWF）健康危害的简介，大家一定要注意金属切削液（MWF）形成的液滴和纯矿物油（只是金属切削液的一种）形成的油雾（Oil mist）的区别，现在机加工行业（如CNC）用纯矿物油作为金属切削液已经很少了。

一、 机械加工过程中金属加工液（MWF）的作用：

• Provide lubricity to cool the tool-workpiece interface　润滑

• Reduce extensive tool wear　减少磨损

• Flush metal swarfs and fines (chips)　清除废屑

• Prevent potential welding of swarfs and chips to tool and workpiece surfaces　防止废屑粘连

• Facilitate formation of desirable surface finishes on metal parts.　有助加工件的成形

二、机械加工过程中金属加工液（MWF）的种类

• Straight oils- mineral, vegetable or animal oils without water 油类 植物或动物油，不含水

• Soluble oils- 30~85% naphthenic or paraffinic oil with emulsifier / additives 乳化油类- 30-85%环烷或石蜡油，添加乳化剂/添加剂

• Semisynthetic fluids- 5~20% mineral oil emulsified in water 半合成液体 – 5-20%矿物油，在水中乳化

• Synthetic fluids- no mineral oil content; mixture of organics/ additives and 70~95% water 合成液体 – 无矿物油成分，由有机物/添加剂和70-95%的水组成

   

三、健康危害

• MWF aerosols within the respirable range are of primary importance.       呼吸性气溶胶危害较大

• These particles can penetrate to the lower regions of the lungs.    可进入肺深部

• Larger particles may lodge in the nasopharynx and contribute to upper respiratory system irritation and throat and eye irritation, and foster complaints of nuisance odors. 较大颗粒在上呼吸道停留,导致鼻咽喉/眼部刺激 

• The most common complaint or illness associated with MWF is dermatitis. (skin contact) 接触性皮炎（皮肤刺激、疹子和油痤疮）常见

• Respiratory effects fall into three main categories:  呼吸系统损害

  - upper respiratory irritation, 上呼吸道刺激

  - asthma, and 哮喘

  - hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) 过敏性肺炎

   

四、健康危害来源

The inhalation hazards of MWF are caused by exposure to three agents: 危害来自

 the neat or diluted MWF 加工液本身

microbial contaminants, and 微生物污染

 other chemical contaminants of the fluids 其他液体污染

五、MWF的接触限值

NIOSH 1998 REL 

• 0.4 mg/m3 of thoracic particulate mass is “intended to prevent the diverse respiratory effects associated with MWF exposure” 0.4 mg/m3 胸腔性颗粒

• Approximately 0.5 mg/m3 for total particulate 相当于0.5 mg/m3 总颗粒

• For all types of MWF 适用于全部加工液

六、监测方法

• NIOSH 5524 - MWF （合成或半合成乳化液）

  - Thoracic particulate (thoracic cyclone) or Total particulate

     approach 胸腔性颗粒, 或总颗粒

  - Chemical extraction and Gravimetry 化学抽提后重量分析法

   

• NIOSH 5026 mineral oil 纯矿物油（MWF的一种，机加工行业已经很少使用）

  -  Total particulates 总颗粒物

  -  Infrared spectrophotometry   红外分光光度法

  -  Fraction that is soluble in carbon tetrachloride 溶于四氯化碳的 

      进行定量

七、控制策略

• Safety and Health Training 安全和健康培训

• Worksite Analysis  现场检测

• Fluid management  液体管理

• Engineering controls   工程控制

• Medical monitoring  医学健康监护

另附有金属切削液简介视频，中英文字幕由粉尘字幕组的jcheart妹子听译，如果有打赏，小编将全部转交给她。如下：