FMEA成功的5大要素是什么?
Implementing Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) in an organization often seems like a relatively straightforward and simple task, but it often hides some intricacies that have to be accounted for. You need to be particularly wary of how the FMEA process affects the long-term performance of your organization, and what improvements you get as a result of its application. By putting enough thought into the fundamental process, you can easily ensure that FMEA will drive your organization towards permanent improvements in multiple areas.
在组织中推行失效模式和影响分析(FMEA),通常看起来是一个相对简单的任务,但时常会却隐藏着一些需要解释的复杂问题。我们需要特别注意FMEA过程如何影响组织的长期的绩效,以及应用FMEA之后所得到改善。通过在基本流程中投入大量的精力,我们能很容易去确保FMEA推动组织在多个领域实现永久性的改善。
1
You must address every critical issue
必须解决每一个关键问题
FMEA is not something that you can just apply selectively to specific issues in the production process. You either do it all the way, or you look for an alternative solution that’s better suited for a modular approach to its implementation. You cannot leave any critical issues unaccounted for when running a FMEA iteration. However, this also assumes that you have a good grasp of what exactly constitutes a critical issue in your particular organization, which is why so many companies fail at getting this point right on a regular basis. You need to work with accurate sources of data. Which actually leads us to the next point…
FMEA,并不能选择性地应用于生产过程中的特定问题上。要么一直这样做,要么寻求一个更适合其实施的模块化方法的替代性方案。在运行新版本FMEA时,不能忽略任何关键的问题。然而,这也假设是你很好地理解了在特定组织中什么才是关键的问题,这就是为何如此多的公司并未能时常抓住这一点的原因之所在。我们需要使用准确的数据源,事实上,这实际上会引导我们到进入下一个观点…
2
You have to work with real-world models
必须使用真实的模型
When reviewing your system structure to determine potential points for improvement, you have to keep in mind that simulated, lab data is far from what you’ll be working with in the real world, and you must be prepared to account for that in the FMEA iteration. If you can obtain data sources that provide you with a more realistic model that matches the actual situation on the market accurately, this would be much better than relying on simulated or predicted data, which may or may not match reality all too well.
在查看体系结构,以确定潜在的改善点时,我们必须记住:模拟的实验室数据与现实要使用的数据确实相差甚远,我们必须在准备FMEA新版本的时间就得考虑到这一点。如果获得能给我们提供与市场实际情况精准匹配的更为真实的模式的数据源的话,那么,这远比依赖模拟或者预测的数据要好很多,事实上,模拟或者预测的数据可能会与实际情况很好地匹配,也可能与实际情况并不匹配。
3
FMEA must be integrated deep into the production cycle
FMEA必须整合到生产周期之中
FMEA should not be thought of as something that comes after everything else is put in place. A successful FMEA run requires that you integrate it deeply within your actual production processes, and it has to be tied closely to other core steps for an optimal effect. This may often mean that you need to rebuild your production infrastructure from the ground up (or at least to some extent), but at least it will ensure a sustainable long-term solution. Of course, you’ll have to make adjustments to that system sooner or later no matter how robustly it was designed in the first place.
我们不应该把FMEA看作是在其他一切都实施之后所发生的事情。成功的FMEA运行,需要我们将它深入到实际的生产过程之中,并且其必须与其他的核心步骤紧密结合,以获得最佳效果。这通常意味着我们需要从头开始(或者,至少在某种程度上如此)重建生产基础设施,至少,这会确保可持续的长期方案。当然,无论体系起初被设计的多么强大,我们迟早都得对其进行调整。
4
You need a strict, rigid procedure for FMEA
FMEA程序需要严谨且严格
A systematic approach to FMEA guarantees consistent results, which is a critical factor when working with the technique. After all, FMEA was among the pioneering techniques in terms of the rigidity and robustness of its design, and this has to be carried over to your actual implementations of it as well. Come up with a plan and stick to it as best as you can. You’ll sometimes have to deviate from the original solution, but as long as you’re learning something along the way and you gain a better understanding of how your company’s systems work together, you’re still ahead. The point of FMEA is, after all, to drive an organization towards continuous improvement in a managed, systematic way.
FMEA的系统方法确保了结果的一致性,这是使用该方法时的一个关键的因素。毕竟,就FMEA设计的严格性和坚定性,FMEA是一种具备开创性的方法,这一点也得转移到实际实施之中。请制定计划,并尽你所能坚持下去。有时,不得不偏离最初的方案,但只要在这一过程中学到一些东西,并且对公司的体系如何协同工作有更好的理解,我们就仍然会遥遥领先。归根结底,FMEA的目的是:以管理的、系统的方式,去推动组织的持续改善。
5
FMEA must produce a workable final result
FMEA必须产生一个可行的最终结果
And this brings us to the final point, but one that’s just as important as the others. When working with FMEA, you have to ensure that its implementation actually leads to concrete, workable results that you can put to use within your organization and see a long-term improvement from them. There’s not much point in learning something during an FMEA run if it doesn’t ultimately lead to changes in the company’s structure. Keep in mind that sometimes those changes will be on a smaller scale than you would expect, but there’s nothing wrong with making a less pronounced alteration to the company’s structure as long as it improves something overall.
我们来到了最后一点,但这和前面所列的其他四点一样重要。在使用FMEA时,我们得确保对FMEA的实施事实上会产生具体的、可行的结果,我们在组织中可以利用这些结果,并从中看到长期的改善。如果最终并没有让公司的结构的发生改变的话,那么在FMEA运行期间所学习一些东西就没有什么意义。请记住:有时这些变化的规模,确实会比我们预期的要小,但只要公司在整体有所改善,那么,公司在结构上没有出现明显的改变其实也并没有错。